Ama-fasteners asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi efana nezimboni, ezokwakha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini. Ukwazi ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani lezi zinsimbi ngempumelelo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuphepha kwephrojekthi. Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-fasteners:
Izinhlobo eziyisisekelo kanye namazinga okubopha
Ama-Bolts (DIN 931, 933): Avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuxhumeka kwemishini nokulungiswa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo. I-DIN 931 iyibhawodi enentambo ewuhhafu, kanti i-DIN 933 iyibhawodi enentambo egcwele.
Amantongomane (DIN 934): Amantongomane angama-hexagonal asetshenziswa kakhulu, asetshenziswa namabhawudi.
Amawasha (DIN 125, 9021): Ama-flat washers asetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa ukucindezelwa kwama-bolts noma amantongomane ukuvimbela ukulimala endaweni eboshwe.
Izikulufu zokuzithepha (DIN 7981): Zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma amapuleti amancane ngaphandle kokubhoboza ngaphambili.
Amawasha asentwasahlobo (DIN 127): Asetshenziselwa ukuvimbela amantongomane noma amabhawudi ukuthi angaxegi ngaphansi kokudlidliza noma imithwalo eguquguqukayo.
Izinto zokwakha ezijwayelekile zesiJalimane namamaki
I-Carbon steel: evame ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo ezijwayelekile, insimbi ye-carbon ephansi ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, futhi insimbi ye-carbon ephakathi nendawo nephezulu ifanele izicelo ezinezidingo zamandla aphezulu.
Insimbi ye-alloy: izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinamandla aphezulu, njengokwakhiwa, amabhuloho nokukhiqizwa kwemishini. Amandla ayo avamise ukuvezwa emabangeni ka-8.8, 10.9, no-12.9.
Insimbi engagqwali (A2, A4): I-A2 isetshenziselwa izindawo ezijwayelekile ezimelana nokugqwala, futhi i-A4 isetshenziselwa izindawo zokugqwala ezidinga kakhulu (njengezindawo zasolwandle namakhemikhali).
Ukugalela umpheme: Izinsimbi ze-Carbon steel noma i-alloy steel fasteners zifakwe uthayela (zifakwe ugesi noma udiphu oshisayo) ukuze zithuthukise ukumelana nokugqwala kwazo futhi zilungele indawo yangaphandle noma enomswakama.
Izindawo zokufaka izicelo
Ukwakhiwa: Ama-Fasteners asetshenziselwa izakhiwo zensimbi, ukuxhumeka kwe-formwork ekuthululeni ukhonkolo, isikafula kanye nokulungiswa kwemishini yokwakha. Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa ama-elevator rails odongeni lweshafti yekheshi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwamareyili ne-abakaki besitimela, kanye nosizo lokuqiniswa lwabakaki bekholomu nabakaki abangashintshi. Amabhawodi aqine kakhulu (njengebanga le-10.9) kanye namabhawodi afaka uthayela wokucwilisa ashisayo avame ukusetshenziswa.
Ukukhiqiza ngomshini: Emishinini eyimishini, amabhawodi e-DIN 933 namantongomane e-DIN 934 yinhlanganisela evame kakhulu, esetshenziswa namawasha ayisicaba kanyeamawasha asentwasahloboukuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuqina koxhumano.
Imboni yezimoto: Izixhumi zensimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezifana ne-DIN 912 (ama-hexagon socket bolts) zivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izimoto, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezidinga amandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza.
Izinto zikagesi zasendlini nezinto zikagesi: Izibophelelo ezincane ezifana ne-DIN 7981 (izikulufu ezizishayayo) zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa amashidi ensimbi noma izingxenye zepulasitiki ngaphandle kokumba ngaphambili.
Ukukhetha okulungile nokufakwa
Ukufanisa amandla: Khetha ibanga lamandla elifanele ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza oluthile. Isibonelo, amabhawodi ebanga le-8.8 asetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinezidingo zamandla aphakathi nendawo, futhi ibanga le-12.9 lisetshenziselwa amandla aphezulu kanye nokuxhumana okubalulekile.
Izinyathelo zokunqanda ukuxegisa: Ezindaweni zokudlidliza noma zomthwalo oguqukayo, sebenzisa amawasha asentwasahlobo (DIN 127), amantongomane okukhiya inayiloni noma amalokha entambo ewuketshezi ukuze uvimbele amantongomane ukuthi axege.
Izinyathelo zokunqanda ukugqwala: Ezindaweni ezingaphandle noma eziswakeme, izibophelelo zensimbi engagqwali noma ezingagqwali zincanyelwa ukwelula impilo yesevisi.
Ukulawulwa kwe-torque yokufaka
Ukucaciswa kwe-torque: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, amabhawodi kufanele aqiniswe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngokucaciswa kwetorque ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwentambo ngenxa yokuqina ngokweqile noma ukwehluleka kokuxhumeka ngenxa yokuxega ngokweqile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-torque wrench: Ekuxhumekeni okubucayi, i-torque wrench kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-torque esetshenzisiwe ingaphakathi kwezidingo zokuklama, ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kwamabhawodi anamandla amakhulu.
Ukunakekela nokuhlola
Ukuhlola okuvamile: Hlola njalo izixhumi eziyisihluthulelo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenza ngokudlidliza okuphezulu, umthwalo osindayo nendawo yokushisa ephezulu, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi izibophelelo azixege, azigqwali noma azigugile.
Umjikelezo wokushintsha: Ngokuvumelana nokokusebenza kanye nendawo esetshenziswayo yezixhumi, setha umjikelezo ophusile wokushintsha ukuze ugweme ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukukhathala noma ukugqwala.
Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso nemithethonqubo
Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zaseJalimane: Kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe, ikakhulukazi lawo ahilela ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe noma ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, kubalulekile ukuthobela izindinganiso ze-DIN. Qinisekisa ukuthi izixhumo zihlangabezana namazinga ahambisanayo aseJalimane (afana ne-DIN EN ISO 898-1: Izinga lezindawo zokubopha izinsimbi).
Isitifiketi nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi: Qinisekisa ukuthi izibophelelo ezithengiwe zidlula isitifiketi esidingekayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwekhwalithi (njengesitifiketi se-ISO) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo.
Ngokuqonda okujulile nokusebenzisa okunengqondo kolwazi lwe-fastener olujwayelekile lwaseJalimane, ukuphepha, ukwethembeka nokuqina kwephrojekthi kungathuthukiswa kakhulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-10-2024